optima complete badminton set, 4 racquets, net, 2 shuttlecock, case

optima complete badminton set, 4 racquets, net, 2 shuttlecock, case

Racquet sport

Badminton

Two Chinese pairs compete in the mixed doubles gilt medal match of the 2012 Olympics
Highest governing trunk	Badminton Globe Federation
Outset played	19th century
Characteristics
Contact	None
Team members	Singles or doubles
Mixed gender	Yes
Blazon	Racquet sport
Equipment	Shuttlecock, racquet
Presence
Olympic	1992–present
Earth Games	1981

Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock beyond a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most mutual forms of the game are "singles" (with one role player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a coincidental outdoor activity in a m or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored past striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it inside the opposing side's half of the courtroom.

Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the cyberspace. Play ends in one case the shuttlecock has struck the flooring or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.^[1]

The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much college drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more apace. Shuttlecocks also take a loftier top speed compared to the assurance in other racquet sports. The flying of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.

The game developed in British India from the before game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles,^[2] with mixed doubles added iv years afterward. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players crave aerobic stamina, agility, force, speed, and precision. It is too a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the evolution of sophisticated racquet movements.^[3]

History

Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia,^[a] simply the modernistic game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century amidst the expatriate officers of British India every bit a variant of the before game of battledore and shuttlecock. ("Battledore" was an older term for "racquet".)^[4] Its exact origin remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke of Beaufort's Badminton House in Gloucestershire,^[5] merely why or when remains unclear. Every bit early as 1860, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton Battledore – A New Game, but no copy is known to have survived.^[6] An 1863 commodity in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton every bit "battledore and shuttlecock played with sides, across a cord suspended some v feet from the ground".^[7]

The game take originally adult in India among the British expatriates,^[8] where information technology was very pop by the 1870s.^[six] Ball badminton, a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of a shuttlecock, was existence played in Thanjavur as early on as the 1850s^[9] and was at get-go played interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or moisture weather.

Early on on, the game was also known equally Poona or Poonah afterwards the garrison town of Poona,^{[eight] [x]} where information technology was particularly popular and where the commencement rules for the game were drawn up in 1873.^{[6] [vii] [b]} By 1875, officers returning habitation had started a badminton gild in Folkestone. Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from i to four players, simply it was rapidly established that games between two or 4 competitors worked the all-time.^[iv] The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead.^[iv] Although the depth of the net was of no issue, it was preferred that information technology should attain the footing.^[4]

The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of the Bath Badminton Gild drew upwardly revised regulations.^[5] In 1890, Hart and Bagnel Wild again revised the rules.^[6] The Badminton Clan of England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially launched the sport at a business firm called "Dunbar"^[c] in Portsmouth on 13 September.^[12] The BAE started the first badminton competition, the All England Open up Badminton Championships for gentlemen'south doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899.^[v] Singles competitions were added in 1900 and an England–Ireland title match appeared in 1904.^[v]

England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Kingdom of denmark, France, Republic of ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, at present known as the Badminton Globe Federation. Bharat joined every bit an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men'due south badminton has traditionally been dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become ascendant in international contest. China, Denmark, Republic of indonesia, Malaysia, India, Due south Korea, Taiwan (playing as 'Chinese Taipei') and Japan are the nations which have consistently produced world-grade players in the past few decades, with Prc beingness the greatest forcefulness in men'south and women's competition recently.

The game has also become a popular lawn sport in the Us.

Rules

The following information is a simplified summary of badminton rules based on the BWF Statutes publication, Laws of Badminton.^[13]

Court

The court is rectangular and divided into halves past a net. Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules allow a court to be marked for singles merely.^[13] The doubles courtroom is wider than the singles court, just both are of the same length. The exception, which oft causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension.

The full width of the courtroom is 6.1 metres (20 feet), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.eighteen metres (17.0 anxiety). The full length of the court is thirteen.4 metres (44 feet). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a altitude of 1.98 metres (6 feet 6 inches) from the net, and by the outer side and dorsum boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 anxiety 6 inches) from the dorsum boundary.

The net is 1.55 metres (5 feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (five.00 feet) loftier in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.

The minimum meridian for the ceiling above the courtroom is not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will non be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve.

Serving

The legal bounds of a badminton court during various stages of a rally for singles and doubles games

When the server serves, the shuttlecock must laissez passer over the short service line on the opponents' court or it will count as a fault. The server and receiver must remain within their service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, and so long equally they do not cake the vision of the server or receiver.

At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (run into courtroom dimensions). The server hits the shuttlecock and then that it would land in the receiver's service courtroom. This is similar to tennis, except that in a badminton serve the whole shuttle must be below ane.15 metres from the surface of the court at the instant of existence hitting by the server's racket, the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounciness and in badminton, the players stand up inside their service courts, different tennis.

When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this differs from the old system where sometimes the serve passes to the doubles partner for what is known as a "second serve").

In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in their left service court when their score is odd.

In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the aforementioned player continues to serve, but he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a dissimilar opponent each time. If the opponents win the rally and their new score is even, the player in the correct service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined by their positions at the start of the previous rally, not past where they were standing at the end of the rally. A effect of this organisation is that each time a side regains the service, the server will exist the player who did non serve terminal time.

Scoring

Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally regardless of whether they served^[13] (this differs from the sometime organisation where players could only win a point on their serve and each game was played to 15 points). A match is the best of iii games.

If the score ties at xx–20, then the game continues until one side gains a ii-betoken lead (such equally 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29–29, in which the game goes to a golden point of 30. Whoever scores this point wins the game.

At the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which the shuttlecock is pointing serves kickoff. Alternatively, a money may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether to serve or receive first, or choosing which end of the court to occupy get-go, and their opponents making the leftover the remaining choice.

In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve outset. Matches are all-time out of three: a player or pair must win 2 games (of 21 points each) to win the lucifer. For the start rally of whatever doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may determine who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the friction match reaches a third game, they alter ends both at the commencement of the game and when the leading player's or pair'south score reaches 11 points.

Lets

If a let is chosen, the rally is stopped and replayed with no modify to the score. Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on a courtroom (having been striking there by players playing in adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rails which tin can be classed as a let.

If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a allow shall be called; notwithstanding, if the receiver attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall be judged to take been ready.

Equipment

Badminton rules restrict the blueprint and size of racquets and shuttlecocks.

Racquets

Badminton racquets are lightweight, with summit quality racquets weighing betwixt 70 and 95 grams (ii.v and 3.4 ounces) not including grip or strings.^{[14] [15]} They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be augmented past a diverseness of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent forcefulness to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives fantabulous kinetic free energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were made of woods. Cheap racquets are all the same oftentimes fabricated of metals such as steel, merely wooden racquets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary market place, because of their excessive mass and price. Nowadays, nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and fullerene are added to racquets giving them greater durability.^{[ citation needed ]}

There is a broad variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racquet size and shape. Different racquets have playing characteristics that entreatment to different players. The traditional oval head shape is however available, just an isometric caput shape is increasingly mutual in new racquets.

Strings

Badminton strings for racquets are thin, high-performing strings with thicknesses ranging from almost 0.62 to 0.73 mm. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. Cord tension is normally in the range of lxxx to 160 Due north (eighteen to 36 lbf). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 80 and 110 N (18 and 25 lbf). Professionals string between near 110 and 160 North (25 and 36 lbf). Some string manufacturers measure the thickness of their strings nether tension so they are really thicker than specified when slack. Ashaway Micropower is actually 0.7mm only Yonex BG-66 is about 0.72mm.

Information technology is often argued that loftier string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power.^[sixteen] The arguments for this by and large rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such equally claiming that a lower tension string bed is more bouncy and therefore provides more power. This is, in fact, incorrect, for a higher string tension tin can cause the shuttle to slide off the racquet and hence make it harder to hit a shot accurately. An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player:^[14] the faster and more accurately a player tin swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum ability. Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical assay, nor is at that place articulate bear witness in favour of one or the other. The most effective way for a actor to notice a adept string tension is to experiment.

Grip

The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips earlier applying the terminal layer.

Players may choose between a multifariousness of grip materials. The about mutual choices are PU constructed grips or towelling grips. Grip selection is a matter of personal preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a trouble; in this instance, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or hands, sweatbands may exist used, the actor may cull some other grip textile or change their grip more often.

There are two principal types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker and are often used to increase the size of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than i mm), and are often used every bit the last layer. Many players, even so, adopt to utilise replacement grips as the final layer. Towelling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an agglutinative backing, whereas overgrips have but a pocket-sized patch of agglutinative at the start of the tape and must exist practical under tension; overgrips are more than convenient for players who modify grips often, because they may exist removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material.

Shuttlecock

A shuttlecock with a plastic brim

A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle; also called a baboon) is a loftier-drag projectile, with an open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base. The cork is covered with sparse leather or synthetic material. Synthetic shuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles break hands. These nylon shuttles may exist constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and a plastic skirt.

Badminton rules also provide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed:

3.1: To examination a shuttlecock, hit a full underhand stroke that makes contact with the shuttlecock over the dorsum purlieus line. The shuttlecock shall be hit at an upward bending and in a management parallel to the sidelines. three.2: A shuttlecock of the correct speed volition country not less than 530 mm and not more than than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line.

Shoes

Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber or similar loftier-grip, non-marker materials.

Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have fiddling lateral support. Loftier levels of lateral support are useful for activities where lateral motion is undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, nonetheless, requires powerful lateral movements. A highly built-upward lateral support will not be able to protect the foot in badminton; instead, it volition encourage catastrophic collapse at the betoken where the shoe's back up fails, and the player'south ankles are not ready for the sudden loading, which tin cause sprains. For this reason, players should cull badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running shoes, considering proper badminton shoes volition accept a very sparse sole, lower a person's eye of gravity, and therefore result in fewer injuries. Players should as well ensure that they larn prophylactic and proper footwork, with the knee joint and foot in alignment on all lunges. This is more than than simply a safety business organization: proper footwork is likewise critical in society to move finer around the court.

Technique

Strokes

Badminton offers a wide variety of basic strokes, and players require a high level of skill to perform all of them effectively. All strokes tin be played either forehand or backhand. A role player's forehand side is the aforementioned side as their playing hand: for a right-handed player, the forehand side is their right side and the backhand side is their left side. Forehand strokes are striking with the front of the manus leading (like hitting with the palm), whereas backhand strokes are striking with the dorsum of the hand leading (like hitting with the knuckles). Players frequently play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and vice versa.

In the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes tin can be played equally finer on either the forehand or backhand side; but in the rear courtroom, players will attempt to play equally many strokes as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play a round-the-head forehand overhead (a forehand "on the backhand side") rather than attempt a backhand overhead. Playing a backhand overhead has 2 primary disadvantages. Kickoff, the player must plough their back to their opponents, restricting their view of them and the court. 2nd, backhand overheads cannot be hit with as much power every bit forehands: the hitting activeness is limited by the shoulder joint, which permits a much greater range of movement for a forehand overhead than for a backhand. The backhand articulate is considered by virtually players and coaches to exist the nigh difficult bones stroke in the game, since the precise technique is needed in order to muster enough power for the shuttlecock to travel the full length of the court. For the same reason, backhand smashes tend to exist weak.

Position of the shuttlecock and receiving player

Japanese player Sayaka Sato prepares for a forehand serve

The choice of stroke depends on how almost the shuttlecock is to the net, whether it is to a higher place net summit, and where an opponent is currently positioned: players accept much amend attacking options if they can achieve the shuttlecock well to a higher place internet height, especially if information technology is too close to the net. In the forecourt, a loftier shuttlecock will be met with a net impale, hitting it steeply downwardly and attempting to win the rally immediately. This is why it is best to drop the shuttlecock just over the net in this state of affairs. In the midcourt, a high shuttlecock will usually be met with a powerful smash, also hit downwards and hoping for an outright winner or a weak answer. Able-bodied leap smashes, where players jump upwards for a steeper nail bending, are a mutual and spectacular element of elite men's doubles play. In the rearcourt, players strive to hit the shuttlecock while it is still above them, rather than allowing information technology to drop lower. This overhead hitting allows them to play smashes, clears (hit the shuttlecock high and to the back of the opponents' court), and driblet shots (hit the shuttlecock softly and then that it falls sharply downwards into the opponents' forecourt). If the shuttlecock has dropped lower, then a nail is impossible and a total-length, high clear is difficult.

Vertical position of the shuttlecock

When the shuttlecock is well below net superlative, players have no option only to hit upwards. Lifts, where the shuttlecock is hitting upwards to the back of the opponents' courtroom, can exist played from all parts of the court. If a actor does not lift, their only remaining pick is to push button the shuttlecock softly back to the net: in the forecourt, this is called a net shot; in the midcourt or rear court, it is often called a push or block.

When the shuttlecock is virtually to cyberspace superlative, players can hit drives, which travel flat and rapidly over the cyberspace into the opponents' rear midcourt and rear court. Pushes may also be hitting flatter, placing the shuttlecock into the front midcourt. Drives and pushes may be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an attempt to regain the attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttlecock and defend against smashes. After a successful bulldoze or button, the opponents will often be forced to lift the shuttlecock.

Spin

Balls may exist spun to change their bounce (for example, topspin and backspin in lawn tennis) or trajectory, and players may slice the brawl (strike it with an angled racquet confront) to produce such spin. The shuttlecock is not immune to bounce, but slicing the shuttlecock does take applications in badminton. (Encounter Bones strokes for an explanation of technical terms.)

• Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to travel in a different direction from the direction suggested by the actor'southward racquet or trunk motion. This is used to deceive opponents.
• Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may crusade information technology to follow a slightly curved path (as seen from above), and the deceleration imparted by the spin causes sliced strokes to slow downward more than suddenly towards the end of their flying path. This tin can be used to create driblet shots and smashes that dip more than steeply afterward they laissez passer the net.
• When playing a net shot, slicing underneath the shuttlecock may cause it to turn over itself (tumble) several times equally it passes the net. This is called a spinning net shot or tumbling net shot. The opponent will be unwilling to address the shuttlecock until information technology has corrected its orientation.

Due to the manner that its feathers overlap, a shuttlecock also has a slight natural spin virtually its axis of rotational symmetry. The spin is in a counter-clockwise direction every bit seen from higher up when dropping a shuttlecock. This natural spin affects certain strokes: a tumbling internet shot is more than effective if the slicing activity is from right to left, rather than from left to correct.^[17]

Biomechanics

Badminton biomechanics take not been the subject of all-encompassing scientific study, but some studies confirm the small office of the wrist in power generation and indicate that the major contributions to power come from internal and external rotations of the upper and lower arm.^[18] Contempo guides to the sport thus emphasize forearm rotation rather than wrist movements.^[xix]

The feathers impart substantial drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate greatly over distance. The shuttlecock is also extremely aerodynamically stable: regardless of initial orientation, it volition turn to fly cork-first and remain in the cork-offset orientation.

One issue of the shuttlecock's drag is that it requires considerable power to hit it the full length of the courtroom, which is not the case for virtually racquet sports. The drag too influences the flying path of a lifted (lobbed) shuttlecock: the parabola of its flight is heavily skewed so that it falls at a steeper bending than it rises. With very high serves, the shuttlecock may even fall vertically.

Other factors

When defending against a blast, players have three basic options: lift, block, or drive. In singles, a block to the net is the nigh common reply. In doubles, a elevator is the safest option but it ordinarily allows the opponents to proceed smashing; blocks and drives are counter-attacking strokes only may be intercepted by the smasher's partner. Many players use a backhand striking action for returning smashes on both the forehand and backhand sides because backhands are more effective than forehands at covering smashes directed to the body. Difficult shots directed towards the body are hard to defend.

The service is restricted by the Laws and presents its own array of stroke choices. Unlike in tennis, the server's racquet must be pointing in a downward direction to deliver the serve so normally the shuttle must be striking upwards to pass over the net. The server can choose a low serve into the forecourt (like a push button), or a elevator to the back of the service court, or a flat bulldoze serve. Lifted serves may be either high serves, where the shuttlecock is lifted so high that it falls almost vertically at the back of the court, or motion picture serves, where the shuttlecock is lifted to a bottom tiptop but falls sooner.

Deception

One time players take mastered these basic strokes, they can hit the shuttlecock from and to whatsoever part of the court, powerfully and softly as required. Across the basics, however, badminton offers rich potential for avant-garde stroke skills that provide a competitive advantage. Because badminton players have to cover a curt distance as quickly as possible, the purpose of many advanced strokes is to deceive the opponent, so that either they are tricked into believing that a different stroke is beingness played, or they are forced to delay their movement until they actually sees the shuttle's direction. "Deception" in badminton is often used in both of these senses. When a player is genuinely deceived, they will often lose the point immediately considering they cannot modify their management quickly enough to attain the shuttlecock. Experienced players will be aware of the pull a fast one on and cautious non to move also early, merely the attempted deception is still useful because information technology forces the opponent to filibuster their movement slightly. Confronting weaker players whose intended strokes are obvious, an experienced actor may movement before the shuttlecock has been striking, anticipating the stroke to proceeds an reward.

Slicing and using a shortened hitting action are the 2 main technical devices that facilitate deception. Slicing involves hit the shuttlecock with an angled racquet face, causing it to travel in a different direction than suggested by the body or arm movement. Slicing also causes the shuttlecock to travel more than slowly than the arm movement suggests. For example, a good crosscourt sliced drop shot will use a hitting activity that suggests a straight clear or a boom, deceiving the opponent well-nigh both the ability and direction of the shuttlecock. A more than sophisticated slicing action involves brushing the strings around the shuttlecock during the hit, in order to make the shuttlecock spin. This tin can exist used to amend the shuttle'southward trajectory, by making it dip more than rapidly as information technology passes the cyberspace; for case, a sliced low serve can travel slightly faster than a normal low serve, yet land on the same spot. Spinning the shuttlecock is besides used to create spinning net shots (too chosen tumbling net shots), in which the shuttlecock turns over itself several times (tumbles) before stabilizing; sometimes the shuttlecock remains inverted instead of tumbling. The main advantage of a spinning net shot is that the opponent will exist unwilling to accost the shuttlecock until it has stopped tumbling, since hitting the feathers volition event in an unpredictable stroke. Spinning internet shots are especially of import for high-level singles players.

The lightness of modernistic racquets allows players to use a very brusk striking action for many strokes, thereby maintaining the option to hit a powerful or a soft stroke until the final possible moment. For example, a singles role player may hold their racquet ready for a cyberspace shot, just then flick the shuttlecock to the back instead with a shallow lift when they discover the opponent has moved before the actual shot was played. A shallow elevator takes less time to reach the ground and as mentioned above a rally is over when the shuttlecock touches the footing. This makes the opponent's task of covering the whole court much more difficult than if the lift was hit higher and with a bigger, obvious swing. A curt hitting action is not only useful for deception: it also allows the actor to hit powerful strokes when they take no fourth dimension for a big arm swing. A big arm swing is also commonly not advised in badminton because bigger swings make it more difficult to recover for the next shot in fast exchanges. The use of grip tightening is crucial to these techniques, and is frequently described as finger power. Elite players develop finger ability to the extent that they tin hit some ability strokes, such as internet kills, with less than a x centimetres (4 inches) racquet swing.

It is besides possible to reverse this style of deception, past suggesting a powerful stroke before slowing downwards the hitting activity to play a soft stroke. In general, this latter style of deception is more than common in the rear courtroom (for example, drop shots bearded as smashes), whereas the sometime style is more mutual in the forecourt and midcourt (for example, lifts disguised as net shots).

Charade is not limited to slicing and short striking actions. Players may also use double motion, where they brand an initial racquet movement in ane management earlier withdrawing the racquet to striking in another management. Players will ofttimes practise this to transport opponents in the wrong direction. The racquet motility is typically used to suggest a straight angle but so play the stroke crosscourt, or vice versa. Triple motion is also possible, just this is very rare in bodily play. An culling to double motion is to use a racquet head fake, where the initial move is continued but the racquet is turned during the hit. This produces a smaller change in direction simply does non crave as much time.

Strategy

To win in badminton, players need to utilise a wide multifariousness of strokes in the right situations. These range from powerful jumping smashes to delicate tumbling net returns. Often rallies finish with a nail, only setting up the blast requires subtler strokes. For example, a net shot tin force the opponent to lift the shuttlecock, which gives an opportunity to smash. If the net shot is tight and tumbling, then the opponent'southward lift will not reach the back of the court, which makes the subsequent smash much harder to return.

Deception is as well of import. Expert players prepare for many different strokes that expect identical and use slicing to deceive their opponents about the speed or direction of the stroke. If an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, they may move in the wrong management and may be unable to change their torso momentum in time to reach the shuttlecock.

Singles

Since one person needs to comprehend the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to motility as much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court. Players exploit the length of the courtroom past combining lifts and clears with driblet shots and internet shots. Smashing tends to exist less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow upward their effort and is thus vulnerable to a skillfully placed return. Moreover, frequent smashing can be exhausting in singles where the conservation of a player's energy is at a premium. However, players with strong smashes volition sometimes employ the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to end rallies.

In singles, players will often beginning the rally with a forehand high serve or with a movie serve. Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand. Drive serves are rare.

At high levels of play, singles demand boggling fitness. Singles is a game of patient positional manoeuvring, different the all-out assailment of doubles.^[20]

Doubles

Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, corking down when the opportunity arises. Whenever possible, a pair will prefer an ideal attacking formation with i player hitting down from the rear court, and their partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the elevator. If the rear courtroom attacker plays a drop shot, their partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net respond. If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will employ flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack. If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, so they must defend: they will prefer a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the total width of their court confronting the opponents' smashes. In doubles, players mostly nail to the middle ground betwixt two players in order to take advantage of defoliation and clashes.

At high levels of play, the backhand serve has go popular to the extent that forehand serves have go fairly rare at a high level of play. The straight low serve is used most frequently, in an attempt to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately. Flick serves are used to foreclose the opponent from anticipating the depression serve and attacking it decisively.

At loftier levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast. Men'south doubles are the most ambitious grade of badminton, with a loftier proportion of powerful bound smashes and very quick reflex exchanges. Because of this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles.

Mixed doubles

The 2012 Olympic mixed doubles terminal in London

In mixed doubles, both pairs typically try to maintain an attacking formation with the woman at the front and the man at the back. This is considering the male players are usually substantially stronger, and tin can, therefore, produce smashes that are more powerful. Every bit a result, mixed doubles require greater tactical sensation and subtler positional play. Clever opponents will try to opposite the platonic position, by forcing the woman towards the back or the man towards the front. In order to protect against this danger, mixed players must be careful and systematic in their shot option.^[21]

At loftier levels of play, the formations will generally be more than flexible: the top women players are capable of playing powerfully from the dorsum-court, and will happily practice and then if required. When the opportunity arises, still, the pair volition switch back to the standard mixed attacking position, with the woman in front and men in the back.

System

Governing bodies

The Badminton World Federation (BWF) is the internationally recognized governing body of the sport responsible for the regulation of tournaments and budgeted fair play. Five regional confederations are associated with the BWF:

• Asia: Badminton Asia Confederation (BAC)
• Africa: Badminton Confederation of Africa (BCA)
• Americas: Badminton Pan Am (North America and S America belong to the same confederation; BPA)
• Europe: Badminton Europe (BE)
• Oceania: Badminton Oceania (BO)

Competitions

A men's doubles match. The blue lines are those for the badminton court. The other coloured lines denote uses for other sports – such complexity being common in multi-utilise sports halls.

The BWF organizes several international competitions, including the Thomas Cup, the premier men'due south international team result first held in 1948–1949, and the Uber Cup, the women'south equivalent first held in 1956–1957. The competitions at present take place one time every two years. More than 50 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within continental confederations for a identify in the finals. The terminal tournament involves 12 teams, following an increase from eight teams in 2004. It was further increased to 16 teams in 2012.^[22]

The Sudirman Cup, a gender-mixed international team effect held in one case every two years, began in 1989. Teams are divided into seven levels based on the performance of each country. To win the tournament, a country must perform well across all five disciplines (men'southward doubles and singles, women's doubles and singles, and mixed doubles). Like clan football (soccer), information technology features a promotion and relegation system at every level. However, the arrangement was last used in 2009 and teams competing will now be grouped by world rankings.^[23]

Badminton was a demonstration issue at the 1972 and 1988 Summer Olympics. It became an official Summer Olympic sport at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 and its gold medals now generally rate as the sport'southward well-nigh coveted prizes for private players.

In the BWF World Championships, first held in 1977, currently only the highest-ranked 64 players in the world, and a maximum of 4 from each land tin can participate in whatever category. In both the Olympic and BWF World competitions restrictions on the number of participants from any one country have caused some controversy considering they sometimes result in excluding elite world level players from the strongest badminton nations. The Thomas, Uber, and Sudirman Cups, the Olympics, and the BWF Globe (and Globe Junior Championships), are all categorized as level 1 tournaments.

At the start of 2007, the BWF introduced a new tournament construction for the highest level tournaments aside from those in level 1: the BWF Super Series. This level ii tournament series, a bout for the earth'south elite players, stage twelve open tournaments around the world with 32 players (one-half the previous limit). The players collect points that determine whether they can play in Super Series Finals held at the year-end. Among the tournaments in this series is the venerable All-England Championships, first held in 1900, which was once considered the unofficial world championships of the sport.^[24]

Level 3 tournaments consist of Grand Prix Golden and Grand Prix event. Top players can collect the world ranking points and enable them to play in the BWF Super Serial open up tournaments. These include the regional competitions in Asia (Badminton Asia Championships) and Europe (European Badminton Championships), which produce the earth'southward best players also as the Pan America Badminton Championships.

The level four tournaments, known as International Challenge, International Series, and Future Series, encourage participation by junior players.^[25]

Comparing with tennis

Badminton is frequently compared to tennis due to several qualities. The following is a list of manifest differences:

• Scoring: In badminton, a friction match is played best 2 of three games, with each game played upwards to 21 points. In tennis a match is played best of 3 or 5 sets, each fix consisting of 6 games and each game ends when one player wins 4 points or wins two consecutive points at deuce points. If both teams are tied at "game point", they must play until 1 squad achieves a two-point advantage. Nevertheless, at 29–all, whoever scores the golden point will win. In tennis, if the score is tied 6–half dozen in a set, a tiebreaker will exist played, which ends once a player reaches 7 points or when one histrion has a 2-bespeak advantage.
• In lawn tennis, the brawl may bounciness once earlier the signal ends; in badminton, the rally ends once the shuttlecock touches the floor.
• In tennis, the serve is dominant to the extent that the server is expected to win most of their service games (at advanced level & onwards); a break of service, where the server loses the game, is of major importance in a match. In badminton, a server has far less an reward and is unlikely to score an ace (unreturnable serve).
• In tennis, the server has two chances to hit a serve into the service box; in badminton, the server is allowed just one attempt.
• A tennis court is approximately twice the length and width of a badminton court.
• Lawn tennis racquets are nearly four times every bit heavy as badminton racquets, 10 to 12 ounces (280 to 340 grams) versus ii to 3 ounces (57 to 85 grams).^{[26] [27]} Lawn tennis balls are more 11 times heavier than shuttlecocks, 57 grams (2.0 ounces) versus 5 grams (0.18 ounces).^{[28] [29]}
• The fastest recorded tennis stroke is Samuel Groth's 163.4 miles per hour (263 kilometres per 60 minutes) serve,^[thirty] whereas the fastest badminton stroke during gameplay was Mads Pieler Kolding's 264.vii miles per hour (426 kilometres per hour) recorded boom at a Badminton Premier League match.^[31]

Statistics such as the blast speed, in a higher place, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more than contentious. For instance, it is often claimed that badminton is the fastest racquet sport.^[32] Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racquet sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls. In turn, this qualification must be qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve.

While fans of badminton and lawn tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically demanding, such comparisons are difficult to brand objectively considering of the differing demands of the games. No formal study currently exists evaluating the concrete status of the players or demands during gameplay.

Badminton and lawn tennis techniques differ essentially. The lightness of the shuttlecock and of badminton racquets let badminton players to make employ of the wrist and fingers much more than than tennis players; in lawn tennis, the wrist is normally held stable, and playing with a mobile wrist may pb to injury. For the same reasons, badminton players can generate power from a short racquet swing: for some strokes such as net kills, an aristocracy histrion's swing may exist less than 5 centimetres (2 inches). For strokes that require more than power, a longer swing will typically be used, merely the badminton racquet swing will rarely be as long as a typical tennis swing.

See also

• Ball badminton
• Hanetsuki
• List of racquet sports
• Speed badminton

Notes

1. ^ Other related sports include Hanetsuki, which originated in Japan.
2. ^ Against this, Downey claims that the first rules were drawn up at Karachi in 1877.^[xi]
3. ^ 6 Waverley Grove, Portsmouth, England.^[12]

1. ^ Boga (2008).
2. ^ "Olympic Badminton The Olympic Journey". bwfbadminton.com. Badminton World Federation. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
3. ^ Grice (2008).
4. ^ ^{a b c d} EB (1878).
5. ^ ^{a b c d} EB (1911).
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Adams (1980).
7. ^ ^{a b} "badminton, n.", Oxford English Dictionary
8. ^ ^{a b} Guillain (2004), p. 47.
9. ^ "About Game", Ball Badminton Federation of Republic of india, 2008, archived from the original on 7 July 2011, retrieved vii July 2011
10. ^ Connors, et al. (1991), p. 195.
11. ^ Downey (1982), p. 13.
12. ^ ^{a b} "The History of Badminton: Foundation of the BAE and Codification of the Rules", Globe Badminton
13. ^ ^{a b c} "Laws of Badminton". Badminton World Federation.
14. ^ ^{a b} Kwun (28 February 2005). "Badminton Key Guide to choosing Badminton Equipment". BadmintonCentral.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007.
15. ^ "SL-70". Karakal. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.
16. ^ "String tension relating to power and command". Prospeed. Archived from the original on 28 Oct 2007.
17. ^ "The Spin Physician", Power & Precision Magazine, July 2006
18. ^ Kim (2002).
19. ^ "Badminton Technique", Badminton England "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link)
20. ^ "Rules of Badminton". Retrieved 13 June 2017.
21. ^ Kumekawa, Eugene (21 March 2014). "Badminton Strategies and Tactics for the Novice and Recreational Histrion". BadmintonPlanet.
22. ^ "Thomas and Uber Cups increased to 16 teams". sportskeeda.com. xi June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
23. ^ Sachetat, Raphaël. "Sudirman Loving cup to Change Format". Badzine . Retrieved thirty March 2017.
24. ^ "Badminton Federation Announces 12-event Series", International Herald Tribune, Associated Press, 23 September 2006, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 25 Oct 2008 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
25. ^ "New Tournament Construction", International Badminton Federation, 20 July 2006, archived from the original on 29 September 2007 .
26. ^ "What is the ideal weight for a tennis racquet?". Well-nigh.com. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
27. ^ "The contribution of technology on badminton rackets". Prospeed. Archived from the original on 11 Oct 2007.
28. ^ Azeez, Shefiu (2000). "Mass of a Tennis Ball". Hypertextbook.
29. ^ M. McCreary, Kathleen (five May 2005). "A Study of the Move of a Gratuitous Falling Shuttlecock" (PDF). The Higher of Wooster. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. http://physics.wooster.edu/JrIS/Files/McCreary.pdf
30. ^ "Aussie smashes lawn tennis serve speed record". The Sydney Morn Herald . Retrieved thirteen May 2012.
31. ^ "Fastest badminton hit in competition (male person)". Retrieved 8 July 2019.
32. ^ "WHAT IS BADMINTON". Badminton Oceania . Retrieved 18 February 2022.

References

• Adams, Bernard (1980), The Badminton Story, BBC Books, ISBN0563164654
• Boga, Steve (2008), Badminton, Paw Prints, ISBN978-1439504789
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Badminton (game)", Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. iii (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189
• Connors, M.; Dupuis, D.Fifty.; Morgan, B. (1991), The Olympics Factbook: A Spectator'south Guide to the Winter and Summer Games, Visible Ink Press, ISBN0-8103-9417-0 .
• Downey, Jake (1982), Ameliorate Badminton for All, Pelham Books, ISBN978-0-7207-1438-eight .
• Grice, Tony (2008), Badminton: Steps to Success, Man Kinetics, ISBN978-0-7360-7229-8
• Guillain, Jean-Yves (2004), Badminton: An Illustrated History, Publibook, ISBN2-7483-0572-8
• Jones, Henry (1878), "Badminton", in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. three (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner'due south Sons, p. 228
• Kim, Wangdo (2002), An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Arm Motion During a Badminton Smash (PDF), Nanyang Technological University, archived from the original on two October 2008 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).

External links

• Badminton at Curlie
• Badminton World Federation
  • Laws of Badminton
  • Simplified Rules
• Badminton Asia Confederation
• Badminton Pan Am
• Badminton Oceania
• Badminton Europe
• Badminton Confederation of Africa

optima complete badminton set, 4 racquets, net, 2 shuttlecock, case

Posted by: perezsland1997.blogspot.com

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